Organisation Structure Training - 8962 Words

A STUDY ON ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE With reference to HINDUSTAN COCA-COLA BEVERAGES PRIVATE LIMITED VISAKHAPATNAM A project submitted to CHRIST UNIVERSITY in partial fulfillment for the Award of Degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION by INDIRA PRIYADARSINI JAGIRIPU Under the guidance of Sir Harold Patrick, Professor CHRIST INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CHRIST UNIVERSITY, HOSUR ROAD, BANGLORE-560029, KARNATAKA, INDIA DECLARATION: I, Indira Priyadarsini J hereby declare that the project report entitled A Study on the Organization(with reference to Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd) submitted to Christ Institute of Management, Christ University. It is a bonafide work done by me†¦show more content†¦Coca-Cola India has made significant investment to build and continually improve its business in India, including new production facilities, wastes, water treatment plant, distributing system and marketing equipment. During the past decade, coca-cola system have invested a future US $1 billion in India, one of the country’s top International investors. 1 In 2003, Coca-Cola India pledged to invest a future US $100 million in its operations. Coca-Cola business directly employs approximately 6000 local people in India; the company indirectly creates employment for more than 125000 people in related industries throughout vast procurement, supply and distribution systems. It consists of countries like India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka , Bangladesh and Maldives. It is a part of Asia group. It has won the 2002 Robert W Woodruff’s award Best market share of 61% Record 23% CSD’s growth. It has won numerous marketing excellence awards. Secret Formula: Reaching out to the customer + Developing excellent people + Supporting by the winning culture = Leadership in the marketing. 2 PROFILE OF THE PRODUCTS OR SERVICES: Brand name: Coca-Cola Product type:Show MoreRelatedOrganisation and Behaviour1683 Words   |  7 PagesPathways Unit Code: HNBS 103 Organisations and Behaviour Introduction The aim of this report is to compare and contrast different organisational structures and cultures within businesses, observe how the relationship between an organisations structure and culture can impact the performance of the business. Discussing individual approach to the business environment. Comparing different approaches to management and leadership in organisations. Organisational structure works within an organisationalRead MoreAn Organization With A Human Resource Management Plan Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Kiwi Know How Limited specialises in providing workplace training courses in New Zealand for the tourism industry. In particular, customer service training and management training. The organisation has grown in 8 years and currently employs 41 full-time equivalent (FTE) staff and 2 directors. The offices are in Auckland, Tauranga and Wellington. Currently there is a compelling opportunity for the organisation to expand its operations to Christchurch and Queenstown. The proposed expansionRead MoreHuman Resource Development Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagespresent and discuss a strategic model of HRD activities in organisations. Definition of Human Resource Development Human Resource Development (HRD) can be defined as any activity that contributes to the development of people working for an organisation. HRD is the framework for employees to develop their personal and organisational skills, knowledge and abilities. Development can be formal learning process such as in classroom training, a learning course, or a planned organisational change process;Read MoreDesign Parameters And Contingency Factors Essay950 Words   |  4 Pagescontext of management, organisation structure is a backbone of an organisation. Mintzberg (1980) suggested five general types of organisation configuration, constituted by coordinating different elements of organisation (basic parts of organisation, coordinating mechanisms, design parameters and contingency factors), which will be illustrated indirectly as preferring to present in different version to describe Mintzberg’s configurations in this essay. In effect, his suggested structures are related to scientificRead MoreAnalysis Of Management Skills And Safety Hygiene920 Words   |  4 Pagesmanagement. For example, staff members need to be clearly directed to maintain their performance. Another example, it will reduce any barriers as the organisation aims to have a friendly environment. The consequences of this would be that the organisation need to hire employee that have an equivalent approach towards shared vision as the organisation and help expand business. Another consequence is that management skills required to plan future changes, examine, evaluate any outcomes. For exampleRead MoreValve Steams Ahead1355 Words   |  6 Pagesgoverned. An organisational structure is the process of arranging people and other resources to work together to accomplish a goal (Schermerhorn, 2011). However, what happens when there is no organisational structure? This is the theme of the â€Å"Valve Steams Ahead† case study in which this report is assessing. Using peer-reviewed sources and other research, an analysis will be made of Valve Software’s operations regarding their flat, unstructured organisational structure. This report will examine Valve’sRead MoreEssay on Human Resource Development1689 Words   |  7 Pagespresent and discuss a strategic model of HRD activities in organisations. Definition of Human Resource Development Human Resource Development (HRD) can be defined as any activity that contributes to the development of people working for an organisation. HRD is the framework for employees to develop their personal and organisational skills, knowledge and abilities. Development can be formal learning process such as in classroom training, a learning course, or a planned organisational change process;Read MoreThe Importance of Human Resources Management1233 Words   |  5 Pagesfairly important for organisations and managers to recognise the curtail of Human Resource Management. It is clear that Human Resource Management (HRM) has become one of the most recommend management strategy in the modern business (Leopold and Harris, 2009). Human Resource Management is a technique process of managing people in the workplace to enable and enhance organization performance (Leopold and Harris, 2009). This theory involved the responsible to attracting, selecting, training and managing peopleRead MoreStrategic Change Management1080 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand the behaviour of organisations in their market environment Learning Outcome 4 – be able to assess the significance of the global factors that shape national business activities Criteria To achieve the criteria the evidence must reference show that the learner is able to: 1 a) Identify the purposes of different types of organisation b) Describe the extent to which an organisation meets the objectives of different stakeholders c) explain the responsibilities of an organisation and strategies employedRead MoreHealth and Safety Management Systems1101 Words   |  5 PagesEssential Elements required for managing occupational safety and health in organisations What is Health Safety Management? Practices that contribute to the effective control and sustained reduction in incidents, which have the potential to result in acute and chronic deleterious effects to employees and other exposed persons. Is it all about reducing incidents? What is Governance? ‘ The system by which organisations are directed and controlled by their board of directors’ (Jacqui Boardman

Report On Ethical Decision Making - 1055 Words

TO: Natalie LeRoux, Communications Director FROM: Hunter Thompson, Educational Researcher DATE: November 5, 2014 SUBJECT: Requested report on Business Students and their Ethical decision-making As requested, here is the report on ethical decision making and how it affects business students. This report focuses on ethical decisions and how important they are, or aren’t, to commerce students. The report features information from scholarly articles and books relating to business ethics. Mainly, what ethics are, what factors impact ethical decisions, and how universities have taken steps to improve students ethics and behaviour, if that`s truly plausible. What is ethical decision making? Ethical decision-making is the means of assessing the available choices you have and selecting from them in a way that coincides with commonly practiced ethical values and principles. (Making Ethical Decisions, 2014) The benefit of ethical decision making can be purely personal, alleviating any thoughts of possible wrong-doing. Ethical decision-making also boosts your image due to the fact you come across as reputable and trustworthy. Instilling ethical decision-making in your students as an institution is crucial, if down the road within a work environment an individual is found to be practicing poor ethical decisions that will reflect poorly on them but will also reflect poorly on the institution they attended as well. How do business students rank among other students withinShow MoreRelatedBook Report On Ethical Decision Making830 Words   |  4 Pages Ethics Hamed Alanazi Book Report Ethical decision-making 10th edition â€Æ' Ethics The book I chose is â€Å"Business ethics: Ethical decision-making† 10th edition is written by O. C. Ferrell, John Fraedrich, Ferrell. It was published by Cengage Learning in 2014. This book consists of almost 340 pages and five parts. According to Amazon this book is among top seller. Something extraordinary about this book is that, this book highlight several cases related to the business ethics that help the readerRead MoreReport on Important of Ethical Decision Making for the Company1626 Words   |  7 PagesReport on Important of Ethical Decision Making for the company As it was in the past, to do business ethically today is very important to guarantee success. Do the right thing and not expose the company into bad situations or possible lawsuits where the reputation and corporate image can be affected. Make a business with the only goal of bringing money and forgetting the importance of ethical principles has demonstrated that it only brings negative results. Why is important to have an ethicalRead MoreEthical Decision Making Case Analysis Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Decision-Making Case Study. Moral issues are those that arouse conscience, are concerned with important values and norms. The use of a tool such as the Ethical Decision-Making Algorithm in appendix A, can help the nurse resolve an ethical dilemma more efficiently and competently. Furthermore, the use of a nursing codes of ethics, which are formal statements standard for professional actions can help guild a nurses decisions. Nurses have multiple obligations to balance in moral situationRead MoreEthical And Ethical Norms Of Human Services1492 Words   |  6 PagesWhen looking at ethical dilemmas in human services one must be able identify and address the dilemma properly. Within the module for this week I am to evaluate three different dilemma scenarios and describe how I would approach each. In addition, I will be identifying what steps in the evaluation process I have used to make my decision on each ethical dilemma. The first ethical dilemma states that a student is feeling sexually harassed by a teacher. She then states that she wants it to be over andRead MoreEthical Decision Making The Acme Way Essay1021 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Ethical Decision Making†¦ Why Do We Need It? To understand â€Å"ethical decision making† it is best to break the phrase up. What is the definition of ethics? According to the website businessdictionary.com (2011), ethics are â€Å"basic concepts and fundamental principles of right human conduct.† It stands to reason that ethical decision making is the ability to make decisions based on core or base principles of correct human conduct. We at Acme Toy Company depend on employees at all levelsRead MoreSolving Ethical Dilemmas1611 Words   |  7 PagesSolving Ethical Dilemmas in the Accounting Profession LaKeesha Lawler ACC/260 January 14, 2011 Dan Jensen Solving Ethical Dilemmas in the Accounting Profession The Dilemma of an Accountant Baker Greenleaf was one of the Big Eight accounting firms. Daniel Potter was a highly ethical accountant that placed a lot of value on integrity. He was hired to work as an accountant for the firm. Baker like many other firms was faced with a dilemma that tested the firm’s ethical standingsRead MoreCompany X Code Of Ethics1156 Words   |  5 Pagesthe company values. This information will inform employees about the core values of Company X, along with an understanding of why having a commitment to the ethical conduct is a necessity. Standards and Procedures Standards of ethical behavior apply to every employee of Company X. This will guide Company Xs’ employees to make ethical decisions. 1. Follow HIPPA Privacy Rules HIPAA Privacy Rules are established standards that will protect individuals’ medical records along with other personal healthRead MoreEthical Dilemmas1461 Words   |  6 PagesEthical dilemmas are common issues that every businessman has to face at their working environment. It is not such an easy task for businessman to have an ethical decision making, to choose what the â€Å"right† thing to do. In this following factual scenario, John also has to face some ethical dilemmas in his working environment and have difficulty to find appropriate solution. After a brief summary of the facts, I will discuss some ethical dilemmas which John is confronting and some approaches to ethicalRead MoreEthical Decisions Regarding Sociology : An Important Aspect Of Society954 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Decisions Regarding Sociology Sociologists create an important aspect of society, as they study and research different behavioral trend and norms to understand how society functions. They conduct research and surveys to gain knowledge about the subjects they are studying. This can range from a variety of environments from government social work to the medical profession. When conducting these studies it is important for sociologists to hold to a standard of ethics that guards and protectsRead MoreExplain What Informed Consent Is In Respect To Human Dignity Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pages1. Explain what autonomy is in respect to human dignity. Autonomy in respect to human dignity is the right to self-determination and it was used to be in medicine to document all the decisions for the patients but that is not the case anymore. The patients now have the right to make choices based on their own beliefs, their own values, and their own needs. As a respiratory therapist, we have to be careful that we should not try to substitute our religious or cultural beliefs for someone who don’t

American Liberty From Past to Present Free Essays

string(105) " under a confederate government in order to defend better the liberties of the people and of each state\." Liberty is a concept that is commonly used by the average American in his daily affairs. A lexical definition of liberty states that it refers to the freedom to believe or act without the restriction of an unnecessary force. As far as the individual is concerned, liberty is the capacity of a person to act according to his will. We will write a custom essay sample on American Liberty: From Past to Present or any similar topic only for you Order Now But do we really know the history of America’s liberty? Do we really understand the historical events that have shaped the liberty that we know of and enjoy in these contemporary times? In this paper, I will be examining the roots of American liberty from the founding era to the modern debates surrounding the concept of liberty. I will also be looking into the proponents of liberty and those who have shared a significant role in defining and upholding liberty as we know it today. The Founding Era Hundreds of years before today, America was an entirely different place. Long before the creation of the Constitution, different European countries have already established their own settlements across America. The Spaniards and the French were among the early colonizers until the time of the British. During the rule of the British Empire, severe shortage in human labor resulted to enslavement and indentured servitude of the natives. In the years that followed, conflicts broke-out between the Native Americans and the English settlers. It should be noted, however, that Virginia already had black indentured servants in 1619 after being settled by Englishmen in 1607 (â€Å"Virginia Records Timeline: 1553-1743,† http://memory. loc. gov/ammem/collections/jefferson_papers/mtjvatm3. html), thereby suggesting that the attainment of genuine liberty from the colonizers is yet to be realized. It is perhaps during the time when the English pilgrims came to Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620 and established their colonies that the concept of liberty came about, not the least in the context of the pre-Constitution history of America. As Mark Sargent writes in his article â€Å"The Conservative Covenant: The Rise of the Mayflower Compact in American Myth,† some of the passengers in the Mayflower ship â€Å"who were not travelling to the New World for religious reasons would insist upon complete freedom when they stepped ashore† since the New World is already â€Å"outside the territory covered in their patent from the [British] crown† (Sargent, p. 236). After the Seven Years War between the British forces and the alliance of French and American Indian forces in 1763, the British Empire enforced a series of taxes on the Americans so as to cover a portion of the cost for defending the colony. Since the Americans considered themselves as subjects of the King, they understood that they had the same rights to that of the King’s subjects living in Great Britain. However, the Sugar Act, Currency Act—both passed in 1764—the Stamp Act of 1765, the Townshend Act of 1767, to name a few, compelled the Americans to take drastic measures to send the message to the British Empire that they were being treated as though they were less than the King’s subjects in Great Britain (Jensen, p. 186). Moreover, the taxes were enforced despite the lack of representation of the American colonists in the Westminster Parliament. One of the famous protests taken by the Americans is the Boston Tea Party in 1773 where numerous crates containing tea that belonged to the British East India Company were destroyed aboard ships in Boston Harbor. As a result, the British government passed a series of acts popularly known as the Intolerable Acts in 1774, further fanning the growing oppression felt by the American colonists. Eventually, the American Revolution ensued beginning in as early as 1775 when British forces confiscated arms and arrested revolutionaries in Concord, thereby sparking the first hostilities after the Intolerable Acts were passed (Jensen, p. 434). From 1775 to 1783, the colonies that formed their own independent states fought as one as the Thirteen Colonies of North America. Lasting for roughly eight years, the American Revolutionary War ended in the ratification of the Treaty of Paris which formally recognized the Independence of America from the British Empire. Between these years, the colonies underwent several changes which constitute part of the developments toward the framing of the Constitution (Bobrick, p. 88). One of these changes is the shift towards the acceptance of notable republican ideals, such as liberty and inalienable rights as core values, among several members of the colonies. Moreover, the republican ideals of the time saw corruption as the greatest of all threats to liberty. In essence, the concept of liberty during the founding era revolves around the liberation of the American colonies from the British Empire and the growing oppression it gave to the colonists through taxation burdens and a series of repressive acts. For the American colonists, liberty meant the severing of its ties from the British government and the creation of its own independent nation recognized by other countries. The writing and ratification of the Constitution On the fourth of July in 1776, the second Continental Congress signed and officially adopted the United States Declaration of Independence which established the separation of the thirteen American colonies—the colonies which were at war with Great Britain from 1775—from the British Empire. Although others say that the founding moment of America is not on July 4 but two days earlier (Groom, http://independent. co. uk/arts-entertainment/books/review/the-fourth-of-july-and-the-founding-of-america-by-peter-de-bolla-455878. html), it remains a fact that there came a point in time when America finally declared its independence. The evolution of American political theory—especially that which is concerned with liberty—can be better understood during the confrontation over the writing and the ratification of the Constitution. In fact, the Declaration asserts that people have unalienable rights which include life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The Articles of Confederation served as the constitution which governed the thirteen states as part of its alliance called the â€Å"United States of America†. After being ratified in 1781, the â€Å"United States of America† was brought as a political union under a confederate government in order to defend better the liberties of the people and of each state. You read "American Liberty: From Past to Present" in category "Papers" Meaning, each state retained its independence and sovereignty despite being politically held together as part of the union. However, the Articles were not without opposition and criticisms from several notable political thinkers of the time. For example, James Madison saw several main flaws in the Articles of Confederation that were alarming, or threatened the very existence and purpose of the Articles first and foremost. For one, Madison was concerned about the dangers posed by the divided republics or â€Å"factions† given that their interest may stand in conflict to the interests of others. Madison argues in The Federalist, specifically in â€Å"Federalist No. 10,† that in order to guard the citizens from the dangers posed by these individuals who have contradicting interests, a large republic should be created, a republic that will safeguard the citizens from the possible harms brought by other states. It is likewise important to note that the union is not a homogenous group of citizens with the same political inclinations. Madison also argues that for the government to become effective it needs to be a hybrid of a national and a federal constitution. The government should be balanced in the sense that it should be federal in some aspects and republican in others instead of giving more weight to each separate state over the larger republic. In his â€Å"Federalist No. 39,† Madison proposes and describes a republic government guided by three fundamental principles: the derivation of the government’s legitimate power through the consent of the people, representatives elected as administrators in the government, and a limitation on the length of the terms of service rendered by the representatives (Kobylka and Carter, p. 191). Madison also pointed out in â€Å"Federalist No. 51† that there should be checks and balances in the government, specifically among the judicial, legislative and the executive branches. The judiciary, therefore, is at par with the other two inasmuch as each of the other two are at par with one another. Giving one of the three more powers disables the other two to check if that branch is still functioning within its perimeters. As a result, the more powerful branch becomes a partisan branch which consequently creates dangers to the liberties of the people. Another important part of the evolution of American political theory is the contention raised by Patrick Henry. In a letter sent to Robert Pleasants in January 18, 1773, Patrick Henry sees the relationship between the new government and the institution of slavery as a contradiction precisely because while the new government is said to be founded on liberty, there the evil that is slavery persisted under the new government. During those times, slavery was not yet abolished and that the new government was unable to meet the challenge of living up to its roles and foundations by failing to address the institution of slavery and demolishing it altogether. Moreover, Henry understood the efforts of secession from the hands of England were a matter of freedom or slavery, which can also be looked upon as a question of either a freedom from or a continuation of tax slavery from the British. While Madison was part of the â€Å"Federalists† who were supporting the ratification of the Constitution, the â€Å"Anti-Federalists† apparently argued against its ratification. It was Patrick Henry who led the group in criticizing the contents of the proposed Constitution. For instance, Henry argued that the phrase â€Å"We the People† in the Preamble of the Constitution was misleading primarily because it was not necessarily the people who agreed and created the proposed Constitution but the representatives of each participating state. Thus, Henry argues that the Preamble should instead read as â€Å"We the States† which in turn delegated power to the union. Another argument of the Anti-Federalists is the claim that the central government and, therefore, the central power might result to a revival of the monarchic type of rule reminiscent of the British Empire which the Patriots fought. The fear is that, by delegating a considerable amount of power to the central government, the liberties of the individual states and the people are weakened as a result. Nevertheless, the Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787 and later ratified in each of the state conventions held. The anti-federalists share a significant role in strengthening some of the points of the Constitution through the succeeding amendments. The first ten amendments to the Constitution are popularly known as the Bill of Rights; it is largely influenced by the arguments of the anti-federalists. For the most part, the Bill of Rights aimed to guarantee that Congress shall not create laws which stand against the rights and liberties of the citizens of the nation. In effect, the Bill of Rights limits the power of the federal government in order to secure the liberties of the people in the United States. In â€Å"Federalist No. 84,† Alexander Hamilton argues against the Bill of Rights for the reason that the American citizens will not have to necessarily surrender their rights as a result of the ratification of the Constitution and, thus, the protection of the rights through the Bill is unnecessary. Moreover, Hamilton also argues that creating a Bill of Rights would effectively limit the rights of the people since those that are not listed in the Bill will not be considered as rights. In response to the argument, the Ninth Amendment to the Constitution was introduced and ratified later on. The amendment specifically states that the rights of the people are not to be limited to those which are listed in the Constitution. As it can be observed, the time before and during the ratification of the Constitution and the succeeding amendments made reflect how the people at the time sought to protect the liberties that they have realized and gained after the American Revolution and the defeat of the British Empire. Moreover, the debates at that time revolved around the issue of what to do with the liberties gained and how to secure them for the coming generations. One side—the Anti-Federalists—argues that the central government weakens the independence and sovereignty of the states as well as the rights and liberties of the people. The other side—the Federalists—argues that the Constitution will help preserve and strengthen the Union. Modern debates In the years that followed, debates over the interpretation of the Constitution, the role of the government and the place of the individual in American society have escalated. In his essay â€Å"Resistance to Civil Government† (popularly known as â€Å"Civil Disobedience†) first published in 1849, Henry David Thoreau asserts that the people should not simply remain passive and allow the government to be an agent of injustice. Much of Thoreau’s political beliefs eventually follow that same philosophy. In his work Walden published in 1854, Thoreau attempts to live a life of solitude in a cabin, away from the reaches of the society. In one of his days in Walden, Thoreau was arrested for the charge of not paying his taxes. His defense was that he refuses to pay federal taxes to a government that tolerates slavery. In essence, the fact that Thoreau decided to stay in solitude for approximately two years (although the contents of Walden was made to appear as though all the events happened within just a year) signifies his decision not to conform to the dictates of the society. On the contrary, Thoreau lived a life of liberty, free to do anything that he chooses without the institutions of society restraining him. The same sentiment—non-conformity or disobedience to the dictates of the society, especially the government—echoes through in Thoreau’s other work, which is â€Å"Civil Disobedience†. Thoreau asserts that â€Å"the only obligation which I have a right to assume is to do at any time what I think [is] right† (Thoreau, http://sniggle. net/Experiment/index. php? entry=rtcg#p04). That passage, along with the rest of â€Å"Civil Disobedience† and its theme in general, implies that people have an inherent liberty, which is the liberty to do any time what they think is right. Taken altogether in the context of the concept of liberty, Thoreau seems to suggest that people ought to disobey a government that oppresses other people since each individual has inalienable rights that nobody can take away, not even the government. In the face of oppression such as slavery (which was still very much a part of America within twenty years after the ratification of the original Constitution since the issue of slavery was a very delicate and contentious matter during the Philadelphia Convention), Thoreau even suggested that Abolitionists should not only confine themselves with the mere thought of abolishing slavery but resisting the instructions of the government such as paying taxes. Thus, as a reading of Thoreau’s works would suggest, to have liberty is to act upon crucial issues instead of passively allowing contentious actions of the government to thrive and continue. I cannot help but think that Thoreau’s concept of liberty is something that is absolute, which I also take to mean as confined only within one’s disposition instead of being limited by the government. Moreover, since Thoreau suggests that liberty is doing any time what one thinks is right an individual should first know if what he or she thinks is indeed right instead of being wrong. Charles Madison notes that Thoreau was heavily concerned with the â€Å"ever pressing problem of how one might earn a living and remain free† (Madison, p. 110). I cannot help but begin to think that Thoreau attempts at embodying and enacting his individualistic beliefs. As Leigh Kathryn Jenco argues, â€Å"The theory and practice of democracy fundamentally conflict with Thoreau’s conviction in moral autonomy and conscientious action† (Jenco, p. 355); democracy is essentially the rule of the majority which consequently ignores the decisions of the minority. However, I think that much of Thoreau’s thoughts were heavily influenced by the circumstances during his time. His aversion towards the imposed taxation policy of the government stems from the fact that the government at that time still tolerates slavery which is directly against an individual’s liberty. Thoreau’s insight on the perceived conflict between the liberties being upheld by the Constitution and the actual state of the government during his time points us to the ideal that the people are sovereign because the people is the ultimate source of power of the government. If it is indeed the case that the Constitution upholds the rights of individuals including the right to liberty, it seems appropriate to consider as well why slavery at that time was not immediately abolished entirely especially at the time when the Constitution was ratified. In fact, it was only in 1865 under the Thirteenth Amendment—about 80 years after the original Constitution was adopted—when slavery was legally abolished and when Congress was given the power to finally enforce abolition. During the time when slavery was not yet abolished and immediately after the original Constitution was ratified, it can be said that not all citizens living in America were given full liberties. Several people were still laboring as slaves to their American masters. That is perhaps an often neglected piece of history that undermines the spirit of creating a Constitution and a government that will uphold the rights of the people. The pre-American Revolutionary war, the founding era, the ratification of the original Constitution, the creation of the Bill of Rights and the other succeeding amendments to the Constitution—all these stand as testimonies to the evolution of American political thought. The concept of liberty has played an important role in the development of the federal government and the Constitution. Although the history of American political thought might reveal that the attainment of liberty through the years has never been a smooth journey, contemporary America has reaped a large amount of benefits from the sacrifices and ideas of the Founding Fathers and all the people who lived and died during those times. Some might even argue that liberty is yet to be truly attained in today’s American society. But if liberty is yet to be attained in practice, how is it possible that people are given the right to air their grievances before the government? How is it possible that people have the liberty to do as they please so long as what they do does not conflict with what is legal? In any case, the present American Constitution guarantees the liberty of the people and that there are institutions which seek to promote and guard that important right. Had it been the case that the early Americans swallowed everything that the British Empire throw in their way and that the Founding Fathers abandoned the creation and amendment of the Constitution, the United States of America would not have been the land of the free and the home of the brave. Works Cited Bobrick, Benson. Fight for Freedom: The American Revolutionary War. 1st ed. New York, NY: Atheneum, 2004. Groom, Nick. â€Å"The Fourth of July and the Founding of America, by Peter De Bolla†. 2007. Independent. Co. Uk. October 16 2008. http://www. independent. co. uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/the-fourth-of-july-and-the-founding-of-america-by-peter-de-bolla-455878. html. Hamilton, Alexander, James Madison, and John Jay. The Federalist, on the New Constitution. 1787. October 18, 2008 http://books. google. co. uk/books? hl=enid=5jMTAAAAYAAJdq=the+federalistprintsec=frontcoversource=webots=A9c2bdwU7csig=k5wcg1Bfdq3We7mJ8jsQXjLsq1Qsa=Xoi=book_resultresnum=3ct=result#PPP3,M1. Jenco, Leigh Kathryn. â€Å"Thoreau’s Critique of Democracy. † The Review of Politics 65. 3 (2003): 355-81. Jensen, Merrill. The Founding of a Nation: A History of the American Revolution 1763-1776. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, 2004. Kobylka, Joseph F. , and Bradley Kent Carter. â€Å"Madison, The Federalist, the Constitutional Order: Human Nature Institutional Structure. † Polity 20. 2 (1987): 190-208. Madison, Charles. â€Å"Henry David Thoreau: Transcendental Individualist. † Ethics 54. 2 (1944): 110-23. Sargent, Mark L. â€Å"The Conservative Covenant: The Rise of the Mayflower Compact in American Myth. † The New England Quarterly 61. 2 (1988): 233-51. Thoreau, Henry David. â€Å"Resistance to Civil Government†. 1849. October 18 2008. http://www. sniggle. net/Experiment/index. php? entry=rtcg#p04. â€Å"Virginia Records Timeline: 1553-1743†. The Library of Congress. October 17 2008. http://memory. loc. gov/ammem/collections/jefferson_papers/mtjvatm3. html. How to cite American Liberty: From Past to Present, Papers

Chicano Arts Movement free essay sample

As artists began to actively participate in the efforts to redress the plight of Mexicans in the United States, there emerged a new iconography and symbolic language which not only articulated the movement, but became the core of a Chicano cultural renaissance. (Venegas) Chicano Art developed in the 1960s during the political eruption of the civil rights movements in the United States. This renaissance in the arts was in fact the birth and flowering of a Chicano world view or Chicano aesthetic and because of its close alliance with and commitment to social change and political activism it is known today as the Chicano Art Movement. From the ranks of this movement came artists, poets and actors who collectively generated a cultural renaissance and whose work played a key role in creating the ideology of the Chicano movement. (Venegas) JUST ANOTHER POSTER? Chicano Graphic Arts in California, is the first exhibition and book that explores the poster art created by dozens of Chicano artists in California from the late 1960s to the present. We will write a custom essay sample on Chicano Arts Movement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I am honored to be among the artists included in this historic collection. Graphic art has played a key role in  El Movimiento(the Chicano civil rights movement), and the poster has been used to educate, agitate, and organize Americans of Mexican descent. One could even say that political awareness and social activism grew out of the Chicano arts movement. Chicano art has had many influences. Certainly Mexican artists like Jose Guadalupe Posada, Frida Kahlo, and David Siqueiros have had their effect, but so have American comic books, Cuban political posters, and spray-painted barrio calligraphy. (Vallen) Chicano poster art became a means to help preserve and promote a culture largely ignored by the dominant Eurocentric society of the United States. Artists glorified Aztec Gods, Mexican revolutionaries, the Virgin de Guadalupe, immigrant farm workers, and the experiences of everyday raza (people. ) Mexican culture has always informed Chicano art, but it is the American experience that truly gave birth to this distinct genre.